The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The sharp peaks constitute the X-ray line spectrum for the anode material and will differ for different materials. The spectrum of frequencies given off with any particular anode material thus consists of a continuous range of frequencies emitted in the first process, and superimposed on it a number of sharp peaks of intensity corresponding to discrete frequencies at which X rays are emitted in the second process. There are also a lot of modified experiments done based on the original one. The same phenomenon is also responsible for the glowing of the fluorescence material. In a second process radiation is emitted by the electrons of the anode atoms when incoming electrons from the cathode knock electrons near the nuclei out of orbit and they are replaced by other electrons from outer orbits. ( Source) If a gas is pumped into the cathode ray tube, the electrons excite the gas molecules and the gas starts to glow. This radiation is often called brehmsstrahlung. In one process radiation is emitted by the high-speed electrons themselves as they are slowed or even stopped in passing near the positively charged nuclei of the anode material. Two different processes give rise to radiation of X-ray frequency. When a high voltage is applied between the electrodes, streams of electrons (cathode rays) are accelerated from the cathode to the anode and produce X rays as they strike the anode. X rays are also produced in a highly evacuated glass bulb, called an X-ray tube, that contains essentially two electrodes-an anode made of platinum, tungsten, or another heavy metal of high melting point, and a cathode.
An important source of X rays is synchrotron radiation.
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